How many writing systems does Japanese use?
Written Japanese mixes three scripts: kanji (characters borrowed from Chinese), hiragana, and katakana.
Writing facts and facts about writings, from the Random Facts shelf.
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Written Japanese mixes three scripts: kanji (characters borrowed from Chinese), hiragana, and katakana.
The printing press helped Martin Luther's ideas spread rapidly after 1517, as printed copies of his writings reached readers across Europe within weeks, fueling the Protestant Reformation.
Leonardo da Vinci filled his notebooks with mirror writing that reads right to left, along with sketches of flying machines, anatomy, and inventions far ahead of his time.
Bill Gates bought Leonardo da Vinci's Codex Leicester, a notebook of scientific writings, for about $30.8 million in 1994.
The word "pizza" appears in a Latin document from Gaeta, Italy, in 997 AD, though the food it referred to was very different from modern pizza.
The word "paper" comes from "papyrus," the writing material ancient Egyptians made from reeds.
The "Seinfeld" writers followed a rule called "no hugging, no learning," meaning the characters never grew or learned lessons.
The pilot episode of the American "The Office" was nearly a word-for-word remake of the British pilot.
Several "The Office" cast members were also writers on the show, including B.J. Novak, Mindy Kaling, and Paul Lieberstein.
The characters on "How I Met Your Mother" were based on creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas and their friends.
Alan Alda won Emmys for acting, writing, and directing "M*A*S*H."
Ernest Hemingway's "iceberg theory" means leaving most of a story's meaning beneath the surface.
Ernest Hemingway often wrote standing up.
The Orwell Prize is a British award for political writing.
The Edgar Awards for mystery writing are named after Edgar Allan Poe.
J.R.R. Tolkien's gravestone includes the names "Beren" and "Lúthien," characters from his writings.
Most of Aristotle's writings are lost, and many of the surviving works are believed to be his lecture notes.
Ancient Athenians could vote to banish a citizen for 10 years by writing names on pottery shards, a practice called ostracism.
Cuneiform, developed in Mesopotamia around 3200 BC, is one of the earliest writing systems.
The earliest known Chinese writing appears on oracle bones from the Shang dynasty.
China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, standardized writing, coins, and even cart axle widths.
The Indus Valley script has never been deciphered.
Only four Maya books, called codices, are known to survive.
The Inca kept records using quipu, knotted strings.